基于蚁群算法的水下传感器网络生存期延长策略研究

随着海洋强国战略的推进和实施，水下传感器网络广泛应用于海洋资源探测、污染监测、辅助导航和水下军事侦察等领域，具有十分重要的意义。由于水下传感器所携电池充电或更换困难，如何减小传输能耗、在传感器能量受限的情况下提升网络生存期是亟需解决的关键问题之一。据此，提出了一种动态蚁群路由算法，考虑了每次传输后的节点剩余能量，作为路径优化的条件之一，基于蚁群算法在每次传输中选择最优路径；并在每次传输完成后更新路由表，让更多的节点参与信息传输，以提高节点的利用率。仿真结果表明，动态蚁群路由算法同时兼顾了能耗平衡和最小传输能耗，大大提高了网络生存期。分析结果对水下传感器网络的路由协议设计有一定的参考意义。

英文摘要:

With the advancement and implementation of the ocean power strategies, underwater sensor networks have been widely used in the fields of marine resource detection, pollution monitoring, auxiliary navigation and underwater military reconnaissance, which are of great significance. Due to the difficulty in charging or replacing the batteries carried by the underwater sensors, how to reduce the transmission energy consumption and improve the lifetime of networks under the condition of limited sensor energy is one of the key issues that needs to be solved urgently. Accordingly, a dynamic ant colony routing algorithm is proposed, which considers the node residual energy after each transmission as one of the conditions for path optimization, the optimal path is selected in each transmission based on ant colony algorithm. Meanwhile the routing table is updated afterwards, so as to involve more nodes in the transmission and improve the node utilization. The simulation results show that, the dynamic ant colony routing algorithm takes into account both energy consumption balance and minimum energy consumption at the same time, which greatly improves the network lifetime. The analysis results have certain reference significance for the design of routing protocol of underwater sensor network.

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