| Manganese is a key element in the marine biogeochemical cycle, and its concentration and speciation changes play a crucial role in ocean ecosystems and environmental monitoring. Electrochemical methods have been widely applied in manganese detection in seawater due to their high sensitivity, low detection limits, and strong portability. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of electrochemical methods for detecting manganese in seawater, focusing on the principles of stripping voltammetry, as well as the application of different electrode materials, including mercury-based, carbon-based, noble metal electrodes.Based on application scenarios, electrochemical detection can be categorized into laboratory-based analysis, on-site analysis, and in-situ analysis. Laboratory analysis primarily relies on high-precision electrodes and standardized procedures but is limited by sample preservation and contamination issues. On-site analysis is advancing towards the use of mercury-free electrodes combined with techniques such as ultrasound-assisted deposition and vibration-enhanced detection to improve sensitivity. In-situ analysis faces challenges related to environmental interference and electrode stability, where the development of microelectrodes and automated sensors offers potential solutions.Future research should focus on: Developing environmentally friendly, mercury-free electrodes to enhance detection safety and stability; Optimizing in-situ analysis technologies to improve anti-interference capability and reproducibility; and promoting automation and intelligent electrochemical detection systems to enhance real-time monitoring capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of electrochemical methods for manganese detection in seawater and discusses future research directions. |
