拖鱼水动力特性的仿真分析及优化研究

走航式多参数剖面测量系统(Moving Vessel Profiler，MVP) 可以在船舶航行过程中实时、快速、大范围地获取海洋温盐剖面观测数据，掌握海洋温跃层、密度跃层和声速剖面等海洋水文、水声结构。拖鱼作为MVP核心组件，其水动力特性直接影响海洋温盐剖面结构的观测效率。本文基于计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD)仿真，构建椭圆与Mying线型拖鱼主体的三维模型，系统对比了小攻角工况(1°~10°)下的水动力性能，并通过主体-尾翼耦合模型分析了两种构型的轴向曳力差异。针对拖鱼下降剖面测量场景，选定轴向流体阻力更小的Myring线型拖鱼作为研究对象。采用参数化扫描方法，系统研究了浮心与重心位置对拖鱼径向稳定性的影响，并设计了三种优化配置方案:单调浮心、同步调控重心与浮心、单调重心，对比分析了不同策略下拖鱼偏转角度变化。结果表明:在0.05m调节范围内，单独调整重心可使拖鱼最大偏转角度降低12.186%，该策略在显著提升径向稳定性的同时，避免了多参数协同调控的复杂性，具有良好的工程实用性。本文构建了拖鱼水动力特性优化设计的理论框架，提出的单参数重心调节策略为拖鱼水动力性能优化提供了理论基础，对海洋观测装备的结构优化与稳定性控制具有参考价值。

英文摘要:

The Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP) can obtain marine temperature and salinity profile observation data in real time, rapidly and on a large scale during the ship's navigation. It can master the marine hydrological and hydroacoustic structures, such as marine thermocline, pycnocline, and sound velocity profile. Tow-fish is the core component of MVP, and its hydrodynamic characteristics directly affect the observation efficiency of the marine temperature and salinity profile structure. In this paper, three-dimensional models of elliptical and Myring-type contour tow-fish bodies are constructed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The hydrodynamic performance under small angle of attack conditions (1°~10°) is systematically compared, and the axial drag difference between the two configurations is analyzed through the body-tail coupling models. The Myring-type contour tow-fish with lower axial fluid resistance is selected as the research object for the measurement scenario of the tow-fish descent profile. The parametric scanning method is used to systematically study the influence of the position of the center of buoyancy and gravity on the radial stability of the tow-fish. Three optimized configuration schemes are designed: adjusting the center of buoyancy separately, regulating the center of gravity and center of buoyancy synchronously, and adjusting the center of gravity separately. The deflection angle of the tow-fish is compared and analyzed under different strategies. The results show that within the adjustment range of 0.05 m, adjusting the center of gravity separately can reduce the maximum deflection angle of the tow-fish by 12.186%. This strategy can significantly improve the radial stability while avoiding the complexity of multi-parameter coordinated regulation, and has good engineering practicability. In this paper, the theoretical framework of the optimal design of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tow-fish is established. The proposed single-parameter center of gravity adjustment strategy provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the hydrodynamic performance of the tow-fish. It has reference value for the structural optimization and stability control of marine observation equipment.

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