偏航工况下串联双机组潮流能水轮机获能效率及载荷特性数值模拟研究

海洋环境十分恶劣，水轮机容易受到潮汐变化、波浪、海洋涡旋和地形等因素的影响，使得来流方向偏离水轮机的旋转轴，从而对水轮机的性能产生较大影响。主动偏航控制是提升潮流能阵列水轮机组全局发电量的重要途径之一，因此，考虑偏航工况下的潮流能水轮机的水动力特性具有重要现实意义。本文基于计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）方法，设置串联双机组水轮机，研究了偏航角度和水轮机之间的相对位置对输出功率和水动力载荷的影响。结果表明：通过同时控制上游水轮机的偏转角度和串联水轮机组轮毂横向间距可优化串联水轮机组的工作效率。在上游水轮机偏航15°，水轮机组轮毂横向间距差为0.75D （水轮机直径）时，串联双机组获能效率最佳，获能效率系数增加59%，轴向载荷系数增加36%。

英文摘要:

The marine environment is highly challenging, where water turbines are susceptible to influences from tidal variations, waves, ocean vortices, and seabed topography. These factors cause the incoming flow direction to deviate from the turbine's rotation axis, significantly impacting turbine performance. Active yaw control represents a crucial approach for enhancing the overall power generation of tidal current turbine arrays. Consequently, investigating the hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal turbines under yawed conditions holds substantial practical significance. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model a tandem turbine configuration, investigating the effects of yaw angle and the relative positioning between turbines on power output and hydrodynamic loads. The results demonstrate that simultaneously controlling the yaw angle of the upstream turbine and the lateral hub spacing within the tandem array optimizes operational efficiency. Optimal performance for the tandem turbines is achieved with the upstream turbine yawed at 15° and a lateral hub spacing difference of 0.75D (where D is the turbine diameter). Under these conditions, the power capture efficiency of the tandem system increases by 59%, accompanied by a 36% increase in the axial load coefficient.

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