基于ArcGIS 的荣成贝类主产区营养盐空间分布研究

本文根据2018 年4 月（春季）、6 月（夏季）、9 月（秋季）、11 月（冬季） 4 个航次的调查结果，通过ArcGIS 克里金插值法对无机氮、活性磷酸盐、活性硅酸盐、氮磷比（N/P ratio，N/P）、硅磷比（Si/P ratio，Si/P）、营养指数进行插值分析。分析结果表明：荣成贝类主产区调查海域的无机氮、活性磷酸盐、活性硅酸盐含量随季节变化。其中，无机氮含量从高到低的排序为：秋季、冬季、春季、夏季；活性磷酸盐含量从高到低的排序为：冬季、秋季、夏季、春季；活性硅酸盐含量从高到低的排序为：秋季、冬季、春季、夏季；秋季和冬季营养盐含量高于春季和夏季，这与桑沟湾内大型藻类及海洋浮游植物的生长规律相符。调查海域内四季的N/P 均大于16:1，表明磷是荣成贝类主产区全年性的限制元素；春季和秋季Si/P 大于16:1，冬季和夏季Si/P 小于16:1，表明冬季和夏季硅是荣成贝类主产区的季节性限制元素；四个季节的营养指数均小于1，表明荣成贝类主产区全年均处于贫营养状态。在养殖生产中，尤其是春季，适时补充适量营养盐对于改善营养水平至关重要。对于桑沟湾贝类养殖业而言，适当控制养殖规模、避免无序扩张、降低养殖密度（尤其是夏季）、增加水交换、开展浅海多营养层次综合养殖，是最适宜的选择。ArcGIS 插值方法在生态预警预报中应用前景广阔，随着技术进步和数据积累，其应用将更加广泛和深入。

英文摘要:

Based on four seasonal investigation data in April 2018 (spring),June 2018 (summer), September 2018 (autumn) and November 2018 (winter), Kriging interpolation was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of nutrients including inorganic nitrogen, active phos phate, active silicate, N/P ratio, Si/P ratio and nutritional index. The results showed that the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, and active silicate changed with the seasons in the major shellfish production investigation area of Rongcheng. Respectively, inorganic nitrogen concentration was in the order of autumn, winter, spring and summer from high to low. Active phosphate concentration was in the order of winter, autumn, summer and spring from high to low. Active silicate concentration was in the order of autumn, winter, spring and summer from high to low. Nutrient concentrations were larger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer, which was corresponded to the growth pattern of large algae and phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay. N/P ratio was more than 16:1 in every season which showed that phosphate was the annual limit element. Si/P ratios in spring and autumn were more than 16:1, in winter and summer less than 16:1, which showed that silicate was the seasonal limit element in winter and summer. The E value in every season was less than 1, indicating that the major shellfish production area of Rongcheng was in a state of oligotrophy throughout the year, and it was essential to supplement appropriate nutrients in time for aquaculture production to improve the nutritional level especially in spring. For shellfish culture in Sanggou Bay, the optimum choice was to appropriately control the farming scale, avoid disorderly expansion, reduce the farming density especially in summer, increase seawater exchange and carry out integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in shallow sea. The application prospect of ArcGIS interpolation methods in ecological early warning and prediction is broad, and with the progress of technology and the accumulation of data, it will be more extensive and in-depth.

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