| 瓯江口及洞头海域海水营养盐和沉积物重金属的时空分布变化特征 |
| Spatiotemporal Variation of Nutrients in Seawater and Sedimentary Heavy Metals in Oujiang Estuary and Dongtou Sea Area |
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| DOI：doi：10.3969/j.issn.1003-2029.2025.04.003 |
| 中文关键词: 瓯江口 洞头海域 营养盐 沉积物 重金属 |
| 英文关键词:Oujiang Estuary Dongtou sea area nutrients sediment heavy metal |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 富营养化和重金属污染是河口及海洋环境所面临的重要威胁。本文在不同季节采集并分析
瓯江口及洞头海域的海水和沉积物，以研究其污染特征及生态风险。结果显示，海水中可溶性无机
氮（Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen，DIN） 和可溶性无机磷（Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus，DIP） 的
分布表现为瓯江口高于外海，表明人为活动的输入是瓯江口及洞头海域海水污染的主要途径。富营
养化指数和潜在富营养化评价结果表明：近岸海域水体主要呈严重富营养化、重度富营养化和磷限
制潜在性富营养化，其他区域呈轻度营养化、中度营养化和重度营养化、磷中等限制潜在性富营养
化。沉积物中的油类、总有机碳（Total Organic Carbon，TOC）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr） 和汞
（Hg） 含量在瓯江口高于外海，硫化物、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd） 和砷（As） 含量在瓯江口低于外海。
工业、码头作业和船舶航行是Cu、Zn 和Cr 的主要来源；As、Pb 和Cd 的主要来源为工业、农业生
产和交通活动。地质积累指数评价结果表明：沉积物中Pb 和As 为无污染，Cu、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg
为无污染至中度污染。综合生态风险评估结果表明：研究区域大部分站位呈轻微生态危害，少数站
位呈中度生态危害。本文通过分析研究区域污染物的时空变化，评估污染物对水生生态系统的潜在
危害，为区域生态风险防控提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Eutrophication and heavy metal pollution are indeed significant threats faced by estuarine and marine environments. The seawa鄄
ter and sediment of Oujiang Estuary and Dongtou sea area were collected and analyzed in different seasons to analyze the pollution charac鄄
teristics and ecological risks of the seawater and sediment in this area. The results showed that the distribution of DIN and DIP in seawater
was higher in Oujiang Estuary than in the outer sea, which indicated that the input of anthropogenic pollutants was the important source.
The evaluation results indicated that the coastal waters mainly showed severe eutrophication, heavy eutrophication and phosphorus limited
potential eutrophication, while the other areas showed mild, moderate, severe and moderate phosphorus limited potential eutrophication.
The concentration of oil, TOC, Cu, Zn, Cr and Hg in the sediments were higher in Oujiang Estuary than in adjacent sea areas, and the sulfide, Pb, Cd and As were lower in Oujiang Estuary than in the open sea. Industrial production, dock operations, and ship navigation were
the main sources of Cu, Zn, and Cr, while the main sources of As, Pb, and Cd were industrial, agricultural production, and transportation.
The evaluation of geological accumulation index (Igeo) has revealed that Pb and As in the sediment of the Oujiang Estuary and Dongtou sea
area were unpolluted, while Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Hg were unpolluted to moderately polluted. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment
showed that heavy metal pollution in most stations were mild ecological hazards, while a few sites showed moderate ecological hazards. This
paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variations of pollutants in the study area to evaluate the potential harm of pollutants to the aquatic
ecosystem, provides a scientific basis for regional ecological risk prevention and control. |
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