北极空间环境监测浮标设计及其能量管理研究

北极空间环境监测对我国预防灾害性空间天气有重要意义，但传统的地基监测无法实现北冰洋区域的覆盖，且无人值守设备能源搭载能力有限，北极极端低温影响电池寿命，高功耗监测设备的长期运行存在困难。针对该问题，本文开展北极空间环境监测浮标总体设计与能量管理仿真研究，根据监测需求和北极环境进行浮标总体设计；结合布设点光伏情况和负载用电特性配置 200 W 光伏及储能系统的容量；为提高北极极端环境适应性，提出相应改进最大功率追踪策略和动态负载规划算法下的光伏-混合储能系统控制策略；利用 MATLAB 实现北极极端环境下的光伏最大功率追踪策略与浮标能量管理仿真。结果表明：最大功率点追踪策略适用于北极低温环境，跟踪速度提高超过 100豫；浮标总体设计与能源配置方案合理，完成了一年的浮标运行任务；全年合计节省电能超过 15 kWh，蓄电池尖峰电流控制在 1 A 以下，荷电状态平稳。

英文摘要:

The Arctic space environment monitoring is of great significance for preventing catastrophic space weather in China. However, traditional ground-based monitoring cannot achieve coverage of the Arctic region, and unmanned equipment has limited energy carrying capacity, extreme low temperature in the Arctic affect battery life, and long-term unmanned operation of high-power monitoring equipment is difficult. To address this issue, conduct overall design and energy management simulation research on Arctic space environment monitoring buoy. Overall design of buoy based on monitoring requirements and Arctic environment. Reasonably configure the capacity of 200 W photovoltaic and energy storage system based on the photovoltaic situation and load electricity characteristics of the deployment point. To improve the adaptability to extreme Arctic environment, corresponding improved maximum power tracking strategies and control strategies for photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system under dynamic load planning algorithm are proposed. Using MATLAB to implement maxi- mum power tracking strategy and buoy energy management simulation for photovoltaic in extreme Arctic environment. The results show that the maximum power point tracking strategy is suitable for low temperature environment in the Arctic, with a tracking speed increase of over 100%. The overall design and energy configuration scheme of the buoy are reasonable, and the buoy operation task for one year has been completed. The total energy saved throughout the year exceeds 15 kWh , the peak current of the battery is controlled below 1 A, and the state of charge is stable.

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