基于漂流式海气界面浮标观测的南海秋季海气湍流热通量日内变化研究

为了研究南海海气湍流热通量的高频日内变化过程，本文利用2020 年9 月30 日至11月12 日国产新型漂流式海气界面浮标（Drifting Air-sea Interface Buoy，DrIB）的现场观测数据，估算了南海西部海气湍流热通量。结果显示：观测期间潜热通量均值为125 W/m2，感热通量均值为15 W/m2。此外，发现平静天气条件与极端天气条件下湍流热通量控制因素有所变化，极端天气条件下风速异常项对湍流热通量异常的影响增强。本文还利用DrIB 观测结果评估了现今较为先进的两种高分辨率再分析通量产品———欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts，ECMWF）第五代再分析产品（ECMWF Reanalysisv5，ERA5）和现代回顾分析的研究与应用第2 版数据（Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications，version 2，MERRA2），发现ERA5 与DrIB 的相关性略高于MERRA2，但ERA5 与MERRA2估算极端天气条件下海气湍流热通量的结果与直接观测结果仍有较大差异。

英文摘要:

To investigate the high-frequency diurnal process of the turbulent heat fluxes (THFs) of the sea air in the South China Sea, this paper estimated the THFs in the western part of the South China Sea using in situ observations from a new domestically produced drifting air-sea interface buoy (DrIB) from 30 September to 12 November 2020. The results show that the average latent heat flux is 125 W/m2 and the average sensible heat flux is 15 W/m2. In addition, the control factors for THFs were found to change between calm and extreme weather conditions, with the wind speed anomaly term having an enhanced effect on THF anomalies during extreme weather conditions. This paper also used DrIB observations to evaluate two of the more advanced high-resolution reanalysis flux products available today, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysisv5 (ERA5), and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2). The correlation between ERA5 and DrIB is found to be slightly higher than that of MERRA2, but the results of ERA5 and MERRA2 for the estimation of THFs under extreme weather conditions are still significantly different from those of direct observations.

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