1990-2019年中国红树林变迁遥感监测与景观格局变化分析

为监测近期中国红树林的空间分布状况和分析近30年我国红树林演变趋势,本文以1990、2000和2010年3个时期Landsat TM以及2019年Landsat OLI和GF-1 WFV卫星遥感影像为数据源，基于SVM结合目视解译的方法完成了红树林信息提取，利用动态度模型、质心模型和景观格局指数开展了相关分析。本研究利用红树林与盐沼植物的物候差异来解决两者混生对红树林提取精度的影响。结果表明：（1）近30年来我国红树林分布面积总体呈缓慢增加趋势，2019年我国红树林面积为21612.9hm2，相比1990年共增加6107.7 hm2，2010-2019年全国红树林增长速率最高，达到1.72%。全国红树林分布重心向东北方向偏移，初步表明红树林分布有向寒冷区域偏移的趋势。（2）近30年来我国红树林趋于破碎化，红树林斑块形状越来越复杂且内部连通性降低。（3）设立红树林保护区对红树林保护起到了主导作用，2019年国家级和省级保护区内红树林面积在全国占比达到64.63%，从2000年开始国家级保护区增长变缓，省级保护区成为红树林的增长活力点。

英文摘要:

This paper is written to monitor the spatial distribution of Mangrove in and analyze the evolution trend of mangrove in China in the past 30 years. Using Landsat TM in 1990, 2000 and 2010, Landsat OLI and GF-1 WFV remote sensing images in 2019 as data sources, information extraction of mangrove was completed based on SVM and visual interpretation, and correlation analysis was carried out by using dynamic attitude model, Centroid model and landscape pattern index in this paper. In this study, phenological differences between mangrove and salt marsh plants were used to solve the effects of their mixed growth on the extraction accuracy of mangrove. The results show that :(1) For nearly 30 years, there has been a slow growth of mangrove distribution area in our country. The mangrove area of China was 21612.9 hm2 in 2019, which totally increased by 6,107.7 hm2 compared with that in 1990. From 2010 to 2019, the mangrove had the highest growth rate, reaching 1.72%. The distribution center of mangroves has shifted to the North-East of the country, which indicates that the distribution of mangroves has the trend to shift to the colder region. (2) In the past 30 years, Chinese mangrove has the tend to be fragmented, with more and more complex patches and reduced internal connectivity. (3) The establishment of mangrove reserves has played a leading role in mangrove protection. In 2019, mangrove areas in national and provincial protected areas accounted for 64.63% of the national total. Since 2000, the growth of national mangroves protected areas has been slowed down while provincial protected areas have become the vitality growth points.

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