浅海声速剖面结构变化对声呐作用距离的不确定影响

浅海环境，针对声呐作用距离估计不准确的问题，利用Kraken模型，研究了四类声速剖面不同结构变化对声呐作用距离的影响。数值结果显示，对于不同的均匀层声速剖面，相差2m/s的声速剖面对声呐作用距离有影响。对于4种不同结构类型的负梯度声速剖面和正梯度声速剖面，声呐作用距离的变化范围分别为[6350,7050]m, [6250,8850]m，[4950,6550]m、[5450,7050]m、[20000,27550]m，[11200,19950]m，[22500,35300]m和[13150,19500]m，表明声速剖面结构变化对声呐作用距离影响较大，显示海表的声速误差对于声传播的影响大于海底声速的误差，结果进一步揭示了声速剖面曲线的凹凸性结构对于声呐作用距离也有较大影响。对于负跃层声速剖面，在跃层厚度不变的情形下，温度梯度变化率和跃层以上均匀层声速对声呐作用距离有影响，而声源和接受器深度对于声呐作用距离的最大误差影响不大。因此，在声呐的实际工作中，需要考虑声速剖面的结构变化带来的不确定影响，不仅要给出某个声呐作用距离，还要明确某个置信区间。

英文摘要:

In shallow water environment, aiming at the problem of inaccurate estimation of sonar range，the influence of four kinds of sound velocity profile structure changes on the sonar range is studied by using Kraken model. The numerical results show that the difference of 2 m / s of the velocity profile has an effect on the sonar range. For the four different structure types of negative gradient sound velocity profiles and positive gradient sound velocity profiles, the change of the sonar range is [6350,7050],[6250,8850],[4950,6550],[5450,7050],[20000,27550],[11200,19950],[22500,35300] and [13150,19500] m, respectively, it is shown that the structure of the sound velocity profile has a greater influence on the sonar range. It is also shown that the effect of the sound velocity error of the sea surface on the sound propagation is greater than that of the sea bottom, the results further reveal that the concave-convex structure of the sound velocity profile has a great influence on the sonar range, and for the sound velocity profile of the negative thermocline, when the thickness of the thermocline is constant, the temperature gradient rate and the velocity of the uniform layer above the thermocline have influence on the sonar range, while the depth of the source and the receiver have little influence on the maximum error of the sonar range. Therefore, in the actual work of sonar, we need to consider the impact of the structure change of sound velocity profile, not only to give a certain sonar operating distance, but also a certain confidence interval.

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